If N is the algebric difference of grades, S is the head light beam distance in metres, the length (L) of a valley curve, is

- 1
  
  $\frac{N S^{2}}{4}$
- 2
  
  $\frac{N S^{2}}{6}$
- 3
  
  $\frac{N S^{2}}{9.6}$
- 4
  
  $\frac{N S^{2}}{4.8}$

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