Total pressure on the vertical face of a retaining wall of height h per unit run exerted by the retained earth weighing $ω$ per unit volume, is

- 1
  
  $ω h \frac{(1 - \sin ϕ)}{(1 + \sin ϕ)}$
- 2
  
  $ω h^{2} \frac{(1 - \sin ϕ)}{(1 + \sin ϕ)}$
- 3
  
  $\frac{ω h^{2} (1 - \sin ϕ)}{2 (1 + \sin ϕ)}$
- 4
  
  $\frac{ω h^{2} (1 - \sin ϕ)}{3 (1 + \sin ϕ)}$

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