If $p_{1}$ and $p_{2}$ are mutually perpendicular principal stresses acting on a soil mass, the normal stress on any plane inclined at angle $θ^{o}$ to the principal plane carrying the principal stress $p_{1}$ , is:

- 1
  
  $\frac{p_{1} - p_{2}}{2} + \frac{p_{1} + p_{2}}{2} \sin 2 θ$
- 2
  
  $\frac{p_{1} - p_{2}}{2} + \frac{p_{1} + p_{2}}{2} \cos 2 θ$
- 3
  
  $\frac{p_{1} + p_{2}}{2} + \frac{p_{1} - p_{2}}{2} \cos 2 θ$
- 4
  
  $\frac{p_{1} + p_{2}}{2} + \frac{p_{1} - p_{2}}{2} t a n 2 θ$

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