The overturning moment, due to active earth pressure, at toe of the retaining wall is

- 1
  
  $\frac{w H^{3}}{2} (\frac{1 - \sin ϕ}{1 + \sin ϕ})$
- 2
  
  $\frac{w H^{3}}{4} (\frac{1 - \sin ϕ}{1 + \sin ϕ})$
- 3
  
  $\frac{w H^{3}}{6} (\frac{1 - \sin ϕ}{1 + \sin ϕ})$
- 4
  
  $\frac{w H^{3}}{8} (\frac{1 - \sin ϕ}{1 + \sin ϕ})$

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