The total active earth pressure ( $p_{a}$ ) or the resultant pressure per unit length of the retaining of its given by

- 1
  
  $p_{a} = \frac{w H^{2}}{2} (\frac{1 + \cos ϕ}{1 - \sin ϕ})$
- 2
  
  $p_{a} = \frac{w H^{2}}{2} (\frac{1 - \sin ϕ}{1 + c o s ϕ})$
- 4
  
  $p_{a} = \frac{w H^{2}}{2} (\frac{1 + \cos ϕ}{1 - \cos ϕ})$

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