The application of elastic theory to the beams is based on the assumption that

- 1
  
  at any cross section, plane section before bending remain plane after bending
- 2
  
  all tensile stresses are taken up by reinforcement alone and none by the concrete
- 3
  
  steel reinforcement is free from initial stresscs when it is embedded in concrete
- 4
  
  all of the above

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