The tangent modulus formula for the buckling load $(W_{c r})$ of an axially loaded column is

[ $E_{l}$ = Tangent modulus of elasticity]

- 1
  
  $W_{c r} = \frac{π^{2} E_{l} I}{l^{2}}$
- 2
  
  $W_{c r} = \frac{π^{2} E_{l} I}{2 l^{2}}$
- 3
  
  $W_{c r} = \frac{π^{2} E_{l} I}{3 l^{2}}$
- 4
  
  $W_{c r} = \frac{π^{2} E_{l} I}{4 l^{2}}$

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