A retaining wall retains a $c - ϕ$ soil backfill. Tension cracks have occurred in the backfill. The total active earth pressure is given by (y = unit weight of soil, H = height of retaining wall, $k_{A}$ = coefficient of active earth pressure, $c^{'}$ = cohesion of soil)

A retaining wall retains a c-ϕ soil backfill. Tension cracks have occurred in the backfill. The total active earth pressure is given by (y = unit weight of soil, H = height of retaining wall, kA= coefficient of active earth pressure, c'= cohesion of soil)