In case of cohesive soils, vertical cuts can be made (without any support) proportional to

- 1
  
  $\tan (45^{0} + \frac{ϕ}{2})$
- 2
  
  $\tan (45^{0} - \frac{ϕ}{2})$
- 3
  
  $\tan^{2} (45^{0} + \frac{ϕ}{2})$
- 4
  
  $\tan^{2} (45^{0} - \frac{ϕ}{2})$

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