The coefficient of active earth pressure for cohesionless granular soils is given by

- 1
  
  $\frac{1 + \sin ϕ}{1 - \sin ϕ}$
- 2
  
  $\frac{1 - \sin ϕ}{1 + \sin ϕ}$
- 3
  
  $\frac{1 + \cos ϕ}{1 - \cos ϕ}$
- 4
  
  $\frac{1 - \cos ϕ}{1 + \cos ϕ}$

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