Passive earth pressure in a soil mass is proportional to

where $μ$ is Poission's ratio and $ϕ$ is the effective angle of internal friction of soil.

- 1
  
  $\tan^{2} (45^{o} + \frac{ϕ}{2})$
- 2
  
  $\frac{μ}{(1 - μ)}$
- 3
  
  $\tan^{2} (45^{o} - \frac{ϕ}{2})$
- 4
  
  $c o t^{2} (45^{o} + \frac{ϕ}{2})$

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