A deposit of fine sand has a porosity n and the specific gravity of soil solids is G. The hydraulic gradient of the deposit to develop boiling condition of sand is given by

- 1
  
  $(G - 1) (1 - n)$
- 2
  
  $(G - 1) (1 + n)$
- 3
  
  $\frac{G - 1}{1 - n}$
- 4
  
  $\frac{G - 1}{1 + n}$

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