Assertion A: Water hammer occurs when the quick-acting valve at the end of a long pipeline is suddenly closed.

Reason R: Surge tanks are provided in penstocks to relieve the penstock of high water hammer pressure when the flow into a turbine is stopped due to low power demand.

- 1
  
  Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
- 2
  
  Both A and R are true but R is not a correct explanation of A
- 3
  
  A is true but R is false
- 4
  
  A is false but R is true

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