The expression for modular ratio m = 280/3€cbc, where €cbc is the permissible compressive stress due to bending in concrete in N/mm^2

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  Fully takes into account the long term effect such as creep
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  Prtially takes into account the long term effect such as creep
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  Does not take into account the long term effect such as creep
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  Is the same as the modular ratio based on the value of modulus of elasticity of structural concrete Ec

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